Critical security vulnerabilities actively exploited in 2025 continued to pose significant risks to organizations’ attack surfaces.
This report provides a technical and operational analysis of 10 significant vulnerabilities confirmed to have been exploited in real-world attacks and affecting different technology layers. The vulnerabilities examined cover a broad attack surface, ranging from network security products and Windows systems to web applications and virtualization infrastructures.
Report Scope: The Most Exploited Vulnerabilities of 2025
For each vulnerability, the report includes:
CVE number, affected products and versions
CVSS score and severity rating
Technical exploitation mechanism and root cause of the vulnerability
Exploitation activity observed in real-world attacks
Access and privileges an attacker may obtain
Attack flow diagrams and technical analyses
Secure and patched versions released by vendors
Remediation, risk mitigation, and security improvement recommendations
are examined in detail.
The report covers critical vulnerabilities affecting widely used technologies such as CitrixBleed 2, Erlang/OTP SSH, React2Shell, Cisco ASA/FTD, Windows Server Update Services, Windows Kernel, WinRAR, and VMware.
